The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.